Abdominal Ultrasound (U/S Scan Abdomen): Detailed Description

An Abdominal Ultrasound, also known as a U/S Scan Abdomen or abdominal sonogram, is a non-invasive imaging test that uses high-frequency sound waves to produce real-time images of the organs and structures inside the abdomen. It does not use radiation and is generally painless and safe.

A handheld device called a transducer sends sound waves into the body. These waves bounce off internal organs and tissues and return to the transducer. A computer then converts these signals into moving images on a screen.

Why is an Abdominal Ultrasound Performed?

Doctors order abdominal ultrasounds for many reasons, including:

• Investigating abdominal pain, swelling, or bloating

• Evaluating abnormal liver function tests

• Looking for causes of jaundice, kidney problems, or unexplained weight loss

• Monitoring known conditions such as liver disease or aneurysms

A standard abdominal ultrasound can evaluate:

• Liver: For signs of fatty liver, cirrhosis, tumors, or fluid.

• Gallbladder: To detect gallstones, inflammation, or bile duct obstruction.

• Pancreas: For inflammation, cysts, or masses.

• Spleen: To check size and detect abnormalities.

• Kidneys: To find stones, cysts, tumors, or hydronephrosis (swelling due to blocked urine flow).

• Bladder: To detect stones, tumors, or problems with emptying.

• Major blood vessels : Especially the abdominal aorta, to screened for aneurysms (abnormal enlargement).

What Can an Abdominal Ultrasound Detect?

The scan can help diagnose:

• Stones in the kidney, bladder, or gallbladder

• Inflammation or infection (for example, in the gallbladder or pancreas)

• Liver disease, such as fatty liver, cirrhosis, or tumors

• Abdominal aortic aneurysms and other vascular problems

• Cysts, benign growths, and cancers in abdominal organs

If Doppler ultrasound is used, it can also assess blood flow in abdominal vessels and detect narrowing or blockages.

The Procedure: What to Expect

An abdominal ultrasound usually takes about 20 to 40 minutes and is performed by a trained sonographer.

1. Preparation:
   You may be asked to wear a hospital gown and lie on your back on an examination table. Any clothing or jewellery that might interfere with the scan will need to be removed.

2. Gel application:
   A warm, clear gel is spread over your abdomen. This helps the transducer make good contact with the skin and improves the transmission of sound waves.

3. Scanning:
   The sonographer gently moves the transducer over different areas of your abdomen. You might feel mild pressure, especially if there is already discomfort in the area. Images are displayed in real time and saved for the radiologist to review.

4. Breathing instructions:
   You may be asked to hold your breath or change position to get clearer views of certain organs like the liver, gallbladder, or kidneys.

5. Completion:
   The gel is wiped off, and you can leave immediately and resume normal activities.

Preparation Before the Scan

Proper preparation can significantly improve image quality. Instructions may vary based on the organs being examined, but common guidelines include:

• Fasting:
  You may be asked not to eat or drink anything (except small sips of water) for 8 to 12 hours before the scan. This reduces gas in the intestines and helps visualise the gallbladder and surrounding structures more clearly.

• Bladder filling:
  For certain evaluations, especially of the bladder or pelvic structures, you may be asked to drink water and avoid urinating before the test so that your bladder is moderately full.

Always follow the specific preparation instructions given by your healthcare provider or the imaging center.

Safety and Results

Abdominal ultrasound is very safe and has no known long-term side effects because it uses sound waves, not radiation. The test is generally comfortable; the only discomfort may come from the pressure of the probe on a sore area.

After the scan, a radiologist analyzes the images and sends a report to your doctor. Your doctor will explain the results and discuss any further tests or treatments needed based on the findings.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Is the scan painful?
No, the scan is painless.

2. How long does the scan take?
Usually 10–20 minutes, depending on what the doctor needs to examine.

3. Is the test safe during pregnancy?
Yes. Ultrasound uses sound waves, not radiation, so it is safe for both mother and baby.

4. When will I get the results?
Reports are usually provided immediately or within the same day, depending on the center.

5. Are there any risks involved?
No known risks. It is one of the safest imaging methods used in healthcare.

6. Can I eat before the scan?
Yes. There are no dietary restrictions, unless advised otherwise.