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TIFFA Scan – Understanding Targeted Imaging for Fetal Anomalies
The TIFFA Scan (Targeted Imaging for Fetal Anomalies) is a comprehensive ultrasound examination performed during the second trimester of pregnancy. Also known as the Anomaly Scan, Level II Ultrasound, or Mid-Trimester Scan, this detailed assessment evaluates the baby's development, organ structure, placental position, and amniotic fluid levels.
What is a TIFFA Scan?
The TIFFA scan is a non-invasive, painless, and safe ultrasound procedure that uses high-resolution imaging technology to create detailed images of the fetus. This examination provides a thorough evaluation of fetal anatomy and the intrauterine environment.
Key Characteristics:
Non-invasive and painless procedure
Safe for both mother and baby
Uses sound waves (no radiation exposure)
Typically performed between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy
Optimal timing: 19 to 20 weeks of gestation
At this gestational age, the fetus is sufficiently developed for detailed organ evaluation, and adequate amniotic fluid volume allows for clear imaging.
Purpose of the TIFFA Scan
The primary objective of the TIFFA scan is to detect structural abnormalities and assess fetal development. The scan can identify:
Congenital heart defects
Neural tube defects such as spina bifida
Skeletal abnormalities and bone structure issues
Facial anomalies, including cleft lip and cleft palate
Abdominal organ abnormalities
Brain and spinal cord development issues
Soft markers that may suggest chromosomal conditions
What Does the TIFFA Scan Examine?
The scan provides a comprehensive head-to-toe assessment of the fetus, including:
Neurological System
Brain structure and ventricles
Spine and spinal cord
Skull formation
Facial Features
Eyes, nose, and lips
Detection of cleft lip or palate
Facial profile and contours
Cardiovascular System
Heart chambers (atria and ventricles)
Heart valves and function
Major blood vessels
Abdominal Organs
Stomach
Kidneys and bladder
Liver and intestines
Musculoskeletal System
Arms, legs, hands, and feet
Fingers and toes
Bone structure and spine
Ribcage
Pregnancy Environment
Placenta location and appearance
Umbilical cord structure and insertion
Amniotic fluid volume
When Should You Get a TIFFA Scan?
Recommended Timing: 18 to 22 weeks of pregnancy (ideally between 19 and 20 weeks)
The scan is recommended for all pregnant women as part of routine antenatal care. However, it may be particularly important if you have:
Advanced maternal age (35 years or older)
Family history of congenital anomalies
Previous pregnancy with fetal abnormalities
Pre-existing diabetes or hypertension
Twin or multiple pregnancy
Abnormal findings in first-trimester screening
How is the TIFFA Scan Performed?
Preparation:
No special preparation is required in most cases
Some centers may request a moderately full bladder for better imaging
Wear comfortable, two-piece clothing for easy access to the abdomen
Bring previous ultrasound reports and antenatal records
Procedure:
You will lie comfortably on an examination table
A clear ultrasound gel is applied to your abdomen to facilitate sound wave transmission
The sonographer or radiologist moves the ultrasound transducer over your abdomen
Images are captured, and measurements are recorded
The examination is conducted systematically to evaluate all fetal structures
Duration: The scan typically takes 30 to 60 minutes, depending on fetal position and image clarity. If the baby is not in an optimal position, you may be asked to walk briefly or consume a light snack to encourage movement.
Understanding TIFFA Scan Results
After the examination, the doctor reviews all images and measurements to prepare a structured report.
Normal Results: When findings are normal, it indicates that fetal development appears appropriate for gestational age. All major organs and structures are developing as expected.
Abnormal Findings: If an abnormality or area of concern is detected:
The findings will be discussed with you in detail
Further diagnostic tests may be recommended (such as amniocentesis, genetic testing, or fetal MRI)
Follow-up scans may be scheduled
Referral to a fetal medicine specialist or perinatologist may be advised
Counseling and support will be provided
The TIFFA scan report includes:
Fetal growth parameters and measurements
Detailed organ and structure findings
Placental position and characteristics
Amniotic fluid level assessment
Any identified abnormalities or concerns
Important Considerations
Detection Limitations: While the TIFFA scan can detect many major structural abnormalities, it is not 100% accurate. Some minor conditions, such as small heart defects, finger or toe variations, and certain late-onset abnormalities, may not be visible during the scan. Factors such as maternal obesity, fetal position, and amniotic fluid levels can affect image quality.
Chromosomal Abnormalities: The TIFFA scan detects structural abnormalities and can identify soft markers of chromosomal conditions, but it does not definitively exclude chromosomal or genetic abnormalities. Additional genetic testing may be required if concerns are identified.
Safety: Multiple scientific studies confirm that ultrasound examinations are safe during pregnancy. The TIFFA scan uses sound waves rather than radiation, posing minimal risk to mother and baby.
Next Steps After the Scan
The TIFFA scan provides essential information that supports informed decision-making throughout pregnancy. If abnormalities are detected, healthcare teams work closely with families to:
Explain findings and their implications
Discuss available options and interventions
Plan appropriate prenatal care and delivery management
Provide psychological support and counseling
Connect families with specialist care when needed
In many cases, minor abnormalities resolve on their own or can be treated after birth. For more significant concerns, early detection allows medical teams to prepare comprehensive care plans for both mother and baby.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is the ideal time to get a TIFFA scan?
The optimal time for a TIFFA scan is between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy, with 19 to 20 weeks being ideal. At this stage, the fetus is large enough for detailed examination, and there is sufficient amniotic fluid for clear visualization. After 24 to 25 weeks, some structures may become difficult to assess due to fetal size and position.
2. Is the TIFFA scan safe for my baby?
Yes, the TIFFA scan is completely safe. It uses ultrasound technology (sound waves) rather than radiation, making it safe for both mother and baby. Extensive research confirms that ultrasound examinations pose no harm to the fetus, embryo, or pregnant woman, even when performed multiple times during pregnancy.
3. How long does the TIFFA scan take?
The scan typically takes 20 to 45 minutes. However, the duration may vary depending on the baby's position, image clarity, and whether detailed views of all structures can be obtained. If the fetus is not in an optimal position, the sonographer may ask you to walk briefly or have a light snack to encourage fetal movement.
4. Can the TIFFA scan detect all birth defects?
The TIFFA scan is approximately 90% accurate in detecting structural abnormalities. However, it cannot detect all birth defects. Some minor conditions, such as small ventricular septal defects (holes in the heart), cleft palate, finger and toe abnormalities, and certain late-onset conditions affecting the brain, intestines, or kidneys, may not be visible during the scan.
5. Will I need to bring any documents for the TIFFA scan?
For the TIFFA scan, you need to bring a doctor's prescription that is duly signed and stamped with the doctor's registration number as per the PCPNDT Act. You must also carry a valid government-issued photo identification (Aadhar Card, Voter ID, or Passport) and any previous ultrasound reports or antenatal records.
6. Can my family members accompany me during the scan?
Policies vary by diagnostic center. Some facilities allow your partner or family member to be present during the scan, while others may restrict the number of people in the examination room. Contact the center when scheduling your appointment to confirm their policy. After the scan, family members can typically view the images and discuss findings with the doctor.
7. What if I miss the TIFFA scan window?
If you miss the recommended 18 to 22-week window, consult your obstetrician immediately. After 26 weeks, a growth scan can still be performed, though some anatomical details may not be as clearly visible. The specialist will make every effort to evaluate the fetus despite the timing.
8. Does the TIFFA scan check for Down syndrome?
The TIFFA scan can detect soft markers and physical features that may suggest chromosomal conditions like Down syndrome. However, approximately 50% of Down syndrome cases are detected through structural findings alone. The scan cannot definitively diagnose chromosomal conditions. If concerns are raised, your doctor may recommend additional genetic testing, such as amniocentesis or non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), for confirmation.
9. Will the scan be painful?
No, the TIFFA scan is completely painless. You may feel slight pressure as the transducer moves across your abdomen, but the procedure causes no pain or discomfort.
10. When will I receive my TIFFA scan report?
Most diagnostic centers provide the TIFFA scan report on the same day, immediately after the examination. In some cases where detailed analysis or consultation with specialists is required, the report may take 24 to 48 hours. Your doctor will review the report with you and explain the findings in detail.
